Quantum

Structured Variational Key Concentration for a Reduced AES Cipher

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Briefings

This preprint investigates whether public round structure in AES can shape a variational key register before exact verification, using simplified AES (S-AES) and a 16-bit gate-level S-DES experiment. The study constructs phase separators from S-box differential-distribution constraints and derives a conditional lower-tail bound for false keys under a weakly correlated diagnostic model. On ten random three-pair 16-bit S-AES instances, an 18-layer schedule optimized with Adam achieved a mean public-consistent-key probability of 46.78 percent, with the largest observed false-key probability limited to 1.11 percent. The results establish a controlled reduced-cipher benchmark without claiming an attack on full AES or asymptotic quantum advantage.

Key points

• The study constructs phase separators from S-box differential-distribution constraints and candidate-key-dependent inverse diagnostics for simplified AES (S-AES).

Context and limitations

The 16-bit study evaluates induced key-register dynamics without shot sampling; the gate-level S-DES experiment validates reversible oracle patterns without a key-space phase table.

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