Quantum

Beyond the Kubo formula: unification of adiabatic and isothermal response in quantum systems

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Briefings

A new dynamical framework unifies adiabatic and isothermal quantum responses by treating them as distinct limits of an open system model with thermalization. The protocol swaps the order of static and thermalization limits to generate either response naturally. This approach applies to generic systems, including the magnetic response of the electron gas, and successfully reproduces expected results.

Key points

• The static limit of the Kubo susceptibility corresponds to the adiabatic response, while the isothermal response arises when thermal equilibrium is maintained.
• The new framework uses an open system model where dissipation is governed by a thermalization rate, allowing the two responses to emerge from a single dynamical protocol.

Context

This research addresses a fundamental distinction in quantum response theory between adiabatic and isothermal limits. By modeling the system as open with thermalization, the study provides a unified view of these phenomena, which is relevant for understanding generic quantum systems and their magnetic properties.

Limitations

The study applies to generic systems and reproduces results for the electron gas magnetic response. It does not provide data on specific system parameters beyond the thermalization rate assumption, nor does it offer predictions for systems outside the tested scope.

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