AI

CUAWright: A Minimal Unified Interface for Digital Agents

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Briefings

CUAWright is a minimal terminal harness for digital agents, replacing static GUIs with a 3K-line bash-based system. Experiments show it outperforms GUI and hybrid CLI interfaces by 33.2% on OSWorld 2.0, 4.7% on Online-Mind2Web, and 44.0% on Odysseys. It also improves CAD tasks by 8.1% to 41.6% on CADGenBench. The study concludes that digital environments are more programmable than their GUIs suggest.

Key points

• CUAWright uses a minimal terminal harness of approximately 3,000 lines of bash commands as its sole action interface.
• CUAWright achieves a 33.2% relative improvement in partial reward on OSWorld 2.0 compared to the GPT-5.5 baseline.

Context

Digital agents traditionally rely on GUIs or hybrid CLI interfaces, which limit direct programmatic control. This study introduces CUAWright to demonstrate that minimal terminal harnesses significantly outperform these standard approaches across diverse benchmarks.

Limitations

Results are limited to OSWorld 2.0, Online-Mind2Web, and Odysseys benchmarks. Gains in CAD tasks are reported as relative improvements over CLI harnesses, not absolute performance metrics. The study does not provide causal claims about why terminal interfaces outperform GUIs, only that they achieve stronger results.

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